鋼結(jié)構(gòu)技術的整體設計已經(jīng)駕輕就熟,但在連接方面往往呈現(xiàn)的方式單調(diào)或概念模糊,但事實上,鋼構(gòu)件的聯(lián)合設計也受很多條件。
1.連接手段的限制
鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的施工特點之一是工廠加工和現(xiàn)場組裝。這與傳統(tǒng)的砌體方法不同,后者產(chǎn)生大量的接縫。連接各種型材的方法主要有三種:鉚接、焊接和螺栓連接。鉚接是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑早期常用的鉚接方法。施工簡單,但需要在構(gòu)件上挖洞以降低截面性能,接頭處容易產(chǎn)生集中應力,比較近很少使用。焊接接頭外形簡潔,連續(xù)傳力效率高,但施工要求高。后期出現(xiàn)的高強度螺栓連接也能滿足現(xiàn)代鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中廣泛應用的類似焊接的強度要求。
2.構(gòu)件的來源
理論上鋼構(gòu)件或具有任意加工的連接構(gòu)件,但在每一個特定的項目,結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件與連接構(gòu)件總是被實際條件的限制。有經(jīng)驗的設計師通常會選擇現(xiàn)成的,易于安裝的鋼板,并設計有連接部件的簡單而有效的連接。
3.連接構(gòu)件是分層的。
復雜的邏輯層次結(jié)構(gòu)中,存在復雜且具有邏輯的層級關系,這種差異反映在分級關系和所述安裝構(gòu)件具有鋼的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)之間的尺寸。連接對象是實現(xiàn)層級轉(zhuǎn)換,而且還從三維實現(xiàn)力變換到二維,比較終向構(gòu)件的臨界尺寸。由大致復雜的三維連接構(gòu)件,連接構(gòu)件的平面完整組合物相連接。
4.連接部件平面
兩個線性結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件總是在同一個平面上,即構(gòu)件應力的平面,為了有效地抵抗該平面內(nèi)的應力、彎矩或剪切力,通常在該平面內(nèi)設計連接構(gòu)件,如鋼管與電纜之間的焊接板總處在兩者形成的平面內(nèi)。在多個構(gòu)件連接的情況下,組合的平面構(gòu)件可以對應于立體的受力情況。
The overall design of steel structure technology has been mastered easily, but the way of connection is often monotonous or fuzzy, but in fact, the joint design of steel members is also subject to many conditions.
1. Restrictions on connection means
One of the construction characteristics of steel structure is factory processing and field assembly. This is different from the traditional masonry method, which produces a large number of joints. There are three methods to connect various profiles: riveting, welding and bolting. Riveting is a common method in the early stage of steel structure construction. The construction is simple, but it needs to dig holes in the components to reduce the section performance. The joint is easy to generate concentrated stress, which is rarely used recently. The shape of welding joint is simple, the continuous force transfer efficiency is high, but the construction requirements are high. The later high strength bolt connection can also meet the strength requirements of similar welding widely used in modern steel structures.
2. Source of components
In theory, steel members or connecting members with arbitrary processing, but in every specific project, structural members and connecting members are always limited by actual conditions. Experienced designers usually choose ready-made, easy to install steel plates and design simple and effective connections with connected parts.
3. The connecting members are layered.
In a complex logical hierarchy, there is a complex and logical hierarchical relationship. This difference is reflected in the size between the hierarchical relationship and the building structural system in which the installation component has steel. The connection object is to realize the level conversion, and also from three-dimensional to two-dimensional, and finally to the critical size of the component. It is connected by a plane complete composition of a substantially complex three-dimensional connecting member.
4. Connecting part plane
Two linear structural members are always in the same plane, that is, the plane of member stress. In order to effectively resist the stress, bending moment or shear force in the plane, the connecting members are usually designed in the plane. For example, the welding plate between the steel pipe and the cable is always in the plane formed by the two. In the case of multi-component connection, the combined plane component can correspond to the three-dimensional stress situation.